Overview L. & S. Samuel located at Spring Street Sydney, was a commercial supplier of water meters and plumbing hardware operating in Sydney during the 1860s. Based on archival advertisements and municipal correspondence, they played a role in the early development of regulated water infrastructure in the city. Active Period: Documented activity in the 1860s, including a confirmed advertisement from 1867 Products and Services Water Meters: Offered in various sizes, starting from ½ inch diameter Likely Additional Offerings: Brass taps, valves, pipe fittings, and general plumbing supplies (not explicitly listed but typical of similar suppliers) Municipal Engagement L. & S. Samuel submitted proposals to the Municipal Council of Sydney to supply water meters, indicating their involvement in public infrastructure projects. Their correspondence is preserved in the City of Sydney Archives, suggesting a formal relationship with city authorities. Role in Infrastructure Development Their operations coincided with Sydney’s urban expansion and the need for standardized water usage and billing. As suppliers rather than manufacturers, they likely imported water meters from Europe or acted as agents for overseas producers. Historical Significance L. & S. Samuel represents one of the earliest known commercial entities involved in water metering in Sydney. Their presence in newspaper advertising and council records reflects the growing importance of water regulation in colonial Australia. Archival Reference Sydney Morning Herald, 22 July 1867, Page 7 – Advertisement for water meters. City of Sydney Archives – Letter from L. & S. Samuel offering water meters to the council.